Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric complication secondary to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure, represents the leading cause of mortality in end-stage liver disease. While hyperammonemia remains the central pathogenic factor in HE progression, emerging evidence implicates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis as critical synergistic contributors to HE pathogenesis. Hydrogen-rich water, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, has …